– JNK-IN-12 (compound P2) is a mitochondrial-targeted JNK inhibitor with an IC50 value of 66.3 nM, consisting of a mitochondrial-specific cell-penetrating peptide linked to SP600125, a selective JNK inhibitor. It selectively impedes mitochondrial JNK phosphorylation without inhibiting nuclear JNK signaling and has shown efficacy in ameliorating Parkinson’s disease (PD) symptoms in both in vitro and in vivo studies [1].