– SHLP-3, a mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded by the 16S ribosomal RNA gene (MT-RNR2), enhances cellular vitality and reduces cell death (apoptosis) in NIT-1β insulinoma cells and 22Rv1 human prostate cancer cells. This peptide boosts mitochondrial function by increasing mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR), cellular ATP, and reducing the capacity to produce ROS, thereby providing cellular protection. SHLP-3 is utilized in research on diabetes and cancer.