– Gamma-glutamylcysteine TFA (γ-glutamylcysteine TFA) is a precursor of glutathione (GSH) with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It alleviates oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage induced by ethanol in hepatocytes by increasing cellular GSH, SOD activity, and mitochondrial membrane potential, protecting cells from alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD) by inhibiting oxidative stress, reducing inflammation, and preventing cell apoptosis.