– Toddaculine may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, it can not only inhibit the differentiation of osteoclasts via activation of the NF-κB, ERK 1/2, and p38 MAPK signaling pathways, but can induce differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts by regulating differentiation factors. Toddaculine also may serve as a pharmacological prototype for the development of novel anti-leukemic agents, it displays a dual effect as a cell differentiating agent and apoptosis inducer in U-937 cells.