– Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF1) belongs to the family of insulin-like growth factors that are structurally homologous to proinsulin. Mouse IGF-I is synthesized as two precursor isoforms with alternate N- and C-terminal propeptides. These isoforms are differentially expressed by various tissues. Mature mouse IGF-I shares 94% and 99% aa sequence identity with human and rat IGF-I, respectively, and exhibits cross-species activity. It shares 60% aa sequence identity with mature mouse IGF-II. IGF-I induces the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of a wide variety of cell types during development and postnatally. It plays an important role in muscle regeneration and tumor progression. IGF-I binds IGF-I R, IGF-II R, and the insulin receptor. IGF-I association with IGF binding proteins increases its plasma half-life and modulates its interactions with receptors.