– Interleukin-33 (IL-33) belongs to the IL-1 superfamily. IL33 is highly expressed in endothelial venules found in tonsils, Peyer patches and mesenteric lymph nodes, but almost undetectable in placenta. IL33 induces the production of T helper-2 (Th2)-associated cytokines. IL-33 is a cytokine that mediates its biological effects by binding to and signals through IL1RL1/ST2 and IL-1 Receptor Accessory Protein (IL1RAP), activating intracellular molecules in the NF-κB and MAP kinase signaling pathways that drive production of type 2 cytokines from polarized Th2 cells.