– Polymyxin E2, a key component of the cationic lipopeptide antibiotic colistin, was originally derived from B. polymyxa and serves as a peptide antibiotic. It exhibits effective antibacterial activity against the plant pathogen X. oryzae, with an EC50 value of 0.21 µg/ml, and has been shown to both prevent and mitigate rice bacterial leaf blight in greenhouse experiments at a dosage of 200 µg/ml.