– CCL16, a chemokine poorly characterized at the functional level. Human CCL16 is a member of the CC family, and its gene maps to human chromosome 17q. In the mouse, only a pseudogene has been identified to date. CCL16 is a functional ligand for CCR1, CCR2, CCR5, and CCR8. Recombinant CCL16 demonstrated chemotactic activity on human monocytes and lymphocytes. Based on the ability of human chemokines to exert activity on and bind to murine receptors, the TSA mouse adenocarcinoma cell line was transfected with human CCL16 cDNA and, in comparison with other cytokines, was shown to be the faster inducer of systemic immune response due to massive, prompt infiltration of leukocytes.Cancer ImmunotherapyImmune CheckpointImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy