– ω-Agatoxin IVA TFA is a potent selective inhibitor of P/Q type Ca2+ (Cav2.1) channels, with IC50 values of 2 nM for P-type and 90 nM for Q-type channels. It effectively inhibits glutamate exocytosis and calcium influx induced by high potassium, with IC50 values ranging from 30 to 225 nM. Additionally, it blocks high potassium-induced serotonin and norepinephrine release, without impacting L-type or N-type calcium channels [1][2].